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Suzy B Software CD-ROM 2 (1994).iso
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dinosaur
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1995-05-02
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PASADENA, Calif. (MARCH 16) AP - Overheated, starving dinosaurs gradually
became extinct because an asteroid that whacked Earth 65 million years ago
created a ''greenhouse effect,'' a study suggests.
''We think the asteroid landed on a limestone layer and produced an enormous
increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere'' by liberating the
gas from the smashed rocks, said geophysicist Thomas Ahrens of the California
Institute of Technology.
''Such an increase in carbon dioxide will produce a drastic increase in the
temperature of the whole Earth, and this has a disastrous effect on life,''
Ahrens said. The dinosaurs and many other species were slowly killed through
dehydration; plants and other organisms they ate also were killed, he said.
Carbon dioxide traps solar heat in the atmosphere like glass holds heat in a
greenhouse. Atmospheric warming caused by increased concentrations of carbon
dioxide is called the ''greenhouse effect.''
The study by Ahrens and Caltech planetary scientist John O'Keefe will be
presented by O'Keefe on Thursday at the 19th Lunar and Planetary Science
Conference in Houston.
The theory that an asteroid-Earth collision triggered deadly atmospheric
warming differs from ones in which scientists said such a collision caused mass
extinction by kicking up enough dust to block sunlight, plunging the planet
into a freezing darkness that killed food plants.
Ahrens and O'Keefe analyzed experiments in which Ahrens and geophysicist
Manfred Lange shot steel bullets into rocks at 4,500 mph. Based on the amount
of carbon dioxide released by the rocks, the scientists calculated a
6-mile-diameter asteroid hitting limestone would have released enough carbon
dioxide to increase the amount of the gas in the atmosphere two to five times.
That warmed the planet by 9 to 36 degrees Fahrenheit for 10,000 years after the
asteroid struck, Ahrens said.
''The leafy plants which dinosaurs ate were selectively destroyed'' by the heat
while other plants survived, Ahrens said. ''So there was probably (increased)
competition for available food, and eventually food supplies declined to a
point where different species, including the dinosaurs, became extinct in a
less-than-sudden manner.''
William Clemens, paleontology chairman at the University of California at
Berkeley and a leading critic of asteroid theories, said he was skeptical of
the O'Keefe-Ahrens theory because dinosaurs started to die earlier than 65
million years ago.
But he called their study ''clearly a positive step'' because it attempts to
explain why only certain creatures became extinct and why the extinctions were
gradual, not sudden.
Fossils show that dinosaurs and other creatures became extinct gradually, while
many species survived. Many biologists and paleontologists argue the mass
extinction 65 million years ago was caused by gradual climate change, not an
asteroid or a massive volcanic eruption.
Geophysicist Charles Officer of Dartmouth College said he believes the
O'Keefe-Ahrens theory does not have merit because geologic evidence supports
the theory that volcanoes spewed enough ash skyward to block sunlight and cause
mass extinction.
Geochemist Frank Kyte, of the University of California, Los Angeles, disagreed,
saying the theory that the asteroid triggered greenhouse warming of the
atmosphere is probably sound.